Electrical condenser



Jan; l, 1929. J. A. PRc'roR ETAL' 1,697,477

ELECTRICAL CONDENSER ELECTRIC CONDENSER `Filed Jan. 23,. 1925 ill' III/ IIIIIIII I/ {IIIII/ 1 m/ /H IIIIII /H/ l Ill v HIIII/ f /Illlll f III H f f r/ 'IIII il /IIH l ld 1/ IIIIII IIIIIII/ /IIIII 'III IIIIIIIIII/ Il' III III! ffy

ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 1, leze.

UNITEDQSTATEIS PATENT oFFlcE.

JOIIN A TROCTOZB., OF LEXINGTON, AND WILLIAM M. BAILEY, OE LYNN, MASSACHU- SETTS, ASSIGNORS TO WIRELESS SPECIALTY APPARATUS COMPANY, OF BOSTON,

MASSACHUSETTS, ACORPORATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

ELECTRICAL CONDENSE.

Original application led January 23, `1925, Serial No. 4,150. Divided and this-application led September' Bassum 18, 1925. Serial No. 57,073.

This application is a division of our application Serial Number/1,150 filed January 28, 1925. 'L Y This invention relates to improvements in electrical condensers, particularly in high potential condensers, and more particularly of the sheetstack type, especially where-in the stack for high potential service comprises a plurality of sec-tions insulated from one another by insulating sheets between vthe sections in the stack and connected in serieswith one another by connections outside the stack.

Among the various objects of the invention is that of providing a structure which is an improvementon t-he special type wheres in the stack is contained in a substantially or more or less tubular casingr Which consists of insulatingmaterial preferably such as porcelain and which is provided with metal ends which servel to clamp the stack under high compression inside the casing, to complete the enclosure of the stack and to serve as electrical terminals at high potential difference which vlie at opposite ends of the structure separated from one another by the insulating Walls of suchcasing. As shown in the drawings, the tubular casing at at least one and preferably both ends has an integral inwardly projecting shoulder for cooperation with the adjacent metal end.

The invention consists of the various features of construction substantially as described hereinafter and as shown in the drawings,'of which com lete condenser unit, and Fig..` 2 is a simi ar view of al modification.

In this condenser the stack S preferably consists of series-connected sections, which are insulated from one another by mica sheets projecting outside of the stack of metal foils, :is usual, each section consisting of alternating mica' sheets and foils sheets. This construction results in-a high potential. difference across the end sectionsbf stack S when, as usual, the. foils of.Y opposite polarity which project fromfopposite ends of each section are soldered or 'fused to the like foils of 'adiacent sectionsf- Y In this invention, the casing-for stack VS consists of a tube I of porcelain, such material being that heretofore' extensively 'employed Figure 'l' 1s a central vertical section of .a

in high potential insulators, but herel serving as a casmg for stack S. The open ends -of this porcelain casing are closed by metal end structures.

The bottom end member N (Fig. l) is preferably of malleable iron, and is one of the compression members of the clamping system for stack S, which rests upon it, the

member N constituting a terminal of the condenser. In assembling, the foils of the botreo tom sect-ion of stack S are electrically connected to terminal member N, in any desired manner. End N closes and seals the lower end of casing I. f

0n top of stack S is placed a metal bearing plate BP. Stacks S may be embedded in parain wax or submerged in oil; but" owing to the insulation provided b the insulating material comprising casing betweenrthe metal ends of the stack, the onlyfunction of the wax or oil,if used, is to prevent ashover' from stack-section to stack-section. StackA S may lie as close as desired to the interior lone circuit terminal or lead. The top central opening of casing I preferably is larger.

.wall ofV casing I, so that a compact over-all f The porcelain Wall at the top of c-asing I and at the upper portion of the sides thereof is of even 'greater thickness thanlthethick side Walls, in order to provide greater strength at such points Where the clamping strains are transmitted'to the porcelain. casing as a Whole as the tension member of the stackclamping system..l Metal bottom plate N is the lower compression member of the clamping system andv is located inside casing I,

being insertedtherein' thru the larger top opening. Member'N preferably rests on a' lead gasket LG, which protects the porcelain o1' Pyrex (glass of the casing equalizing the downwar -pressure on it by plate N and Howing under any irregularities in the bearingv shoulder of the casing, thereby proniding anV even bearing surface for the member Nr The circuit terminal or lead projecting through the small bottom opening of casing I may consists of an integral extension from plate N.

" screw is adjusted to compress the stack, is

forced upwardly against a lead gasket LG, which separates plate P from the inner wall of the top of insulating casing I.' A cover plate CP is secured to the -assembly .by screws 1, which extend down int-o plate P, a lead gasket LG preferably being located between plate CP and insulating casing I. Plate CP seals the interior of the condenser from access of moisture from outside, and performs no clamping function. Here, the insulating casingfI constitutes the tension member .of

-the stack-clamping syst-em.V Plate CP, as

shown, may be provided with an upward eX-.

tension to serve as'the secondy circuit terminal, and this may be threaded as shown, as in the case of the extension from lower plate N.

The ends of casing I and of the metal lend members should be parallel with one another. The casing I, of the formshown in Fig.'1, may be provided with thecorrugations, skirts or petticoats Kt shown in Fig. 2, to increase the leakage distance of high potential iiashovcr from one metal end to another over the glazed porcelain exterior of casing I. The glaze seals the porcelain pores and asslsts in shedding water and dirt. The corrugations, in addition to increasing the flashover distance, also assist in shedding` water and dirt and provide surfaces beneath them which are protected more or less from access of moisture and dirt; andthey serve to increase the mechanical strength of the porcelain casing, in this sense constituting a thick casing wall with or wit-hout excessive thickp ness of the rest of the casing wall. The condenser hereof is a. weatherproof and waterproof high potential condenser which is designed for outdoor service in connectionfwith v.adjacent high tension lines.

Between the top of stack S andthe upper end of casing I is a space which provides tolerance for stacks of varying length and substantiall the same capacitance; pressure A screw P suiiiciently long for this purlpose. .Y Y w Pressure late P ispplied before the an Vplication 'o the sealing` orcover-.plate CP. Plate P (with screw PS) clamps stack S under high compression of the order ofa thousand pounds more-or less per square inch of active area of the stack. Plate P preferably is of steel. When it is applied, together with screw PS, the lowerend of the latter bears-down on member BP, and further adjustment of screw PS pushes plate P npw'ardly against the inner top wall of casing I, so that the latter becomes theI tension member of the stack-'clamping system.

vThe condenser unit is now complete save for the sealing or cover-plate CP, of steel, for water andweather protection ofthe interior of the condenser. This plate CP performs no compressing function. It is secured in place by an annular series of screws P1, which .enter plate P. Screws P1 provide the electrical connection between plates P yand CP. Thus `cover-plate CP and bottom end N are the opposite potential terminals of the condenser at high potential difference.

Casing I, while preferably of porcelain, may be in some cases of other insulating material such as, preferably, pyrex glass, and even mica-rta, bakelite, etc. Porcelain or 'pyrex glass, however, 'are preferred for the weatherproofform, being better for this type of condenser generally l'on account of their Y. strength which is availed of in special ways by this invention, the structural weakness of the porcelain or glass in'otlier'respects being sufficiently discounted by adequate thickness of the casing walls as shown in proportion. In practice, this condenser unit has dimensions which over-all and in detail are larger bysever'al times than the dimensions of the drawings.

T his structure provides a strong clampingcasing notwithstanding the fact that it consists largely of insulating material, no kind 'of insulating material having structural v strength compared'to meta-l; f In this struet-ure there. are nometal parts which 4lie between the two oppositepotential ends and terminals, save only the stack-amatures, i. e., the metal foils. Y Also, there-is ample leakage or asho'ver path overan ideal insulator between the metal ends. By virtue of the special construction disclosed herein, 'the fair degree'of structural strength of the porcelain'. or pyrex glass is utilized and its weakness as a material is minimized. The metal ends perform four functions, (1) compress the stack; (2)- serve as condenserterminals;- (3) serve as localizers of electrostatic fields at opposite potential ends of the stack; and (4) may serve as means by which successive condenser units, arranged end to end. may be mounted together. On account of the insulation proprovide for heat dissipation, other than the' metal end structures and the filler,

' such as waxpr oil W, when used. Inother and higher uses of /the invention,

however, such special heat-dissipating means cated inside the casinglat the other end of the I may be incorporated as desired by the designer.

The condenser units hereof` are designed particularly for outdoor use in arrangements of plural units, as high potential, low-cur.- rent condensers for coupling carrier-wave transmitting apparatus to a high potentialtransmission line. The line ,may carry power currents of the order of tens of 4kilovolts.y The potential across each of a'plurality of' combined condenser units hereof may beover twenty thousand volts. The function of the condensers is to provide a good path for the lradio frequency carrier currents but at the same time a poor path for the higher voltage' line current. f i

', In the modification of -Fig. 2, tlie insulating casing I preferably of porcelain or pyrex glass, is -similar to that of Fig. 1, save that its exterior isvprovided with the corruga-Lr tidns K4 and save that all four corners NR are thickened' for extra strength at such points, where the clamping strains aretransmitted to the casing acting as the tension member of the stack-clamping system. rhe

' metaL/end structures are duplicated at the two ends of casing I,-as follows. Two metal plates PP arelocated at the ends of stack S, as bearing plates, each with an adjusting f ,screw PS which passes' thru a pressure plate P. Casing I at top and bottom has a-tapered portion TC. Metal end members CP have correspondingly tapered surfaces, the cooperating tapers of metal and insulating parts being separated by lead gasket LG. Metal sealing covers CP are secured by screwsP1 to pressure'. plates P,'the.latter being sepa-- rated by leadgaskets LG from the inner wall of insulatingcas'ing I. Y When screws PS are moved toward bearing plates BP, the press'ure plates P are .moved in the opposite directionfmore ti htly against the end of casing I, thereby putting stack S under compression p adjustments of screws PS, as in F' and making casing I the tension member of the clamping system. Since 'plates CP here perform no clamping -function, vas in Fiv 1 "they are applied tothe assembly after iial i ."1. l In the vclaims the specification ofthe casing as consisting of .porcelain is intended to -in-V clude all -patentable novelty as to such specific material itself,- in addition pto other materials of functional equivalency, including pyrex glass/in the several combinations of .the claims.

v- We particularly 'point out and-distinctl .claim the part, improvement or combinationl which wejclaim as our invention or discovery, c

as follows c 1. The combination with an electrical con'- 4. denser stack to be enclosed Iand compressed,

of a porcelain casingsurroundingthe stack, a

clamping terminal located inside the said casone end of the stack; and a vdevice lostack and forcing the 'stack against said clamping terminal and thereby against the casing as a tension member of means clamping'the stack.

2. The combination with an electrical con` denser stack, and a porcelain casing sur, rounding said stack, of aclamping terminal located inside the .casing and betweenan end of the stack and an end of the casing; another clamping terminal located at the other end of the stack and casing; and clamping means forcing the 'stack ends together and said tei'- ininals apart and putting the stack under compression and the porcelain casing under tension. ,f i

- 3. The combination with an electricall condenser staclt, of a porcelain casing-surrounding it, and? inetalclainping members located inside the casi g and compressing the stack between themt erein and arranged to put the porcelain casing under tension as a tension element of the complete clamping means for the stack. I

4. The combination with an electrical condenser stack, of a porcelaini casing therefor having end openings; a metal clamping terminal closing one end of the casing and receiving a compression thrust from one end of the stack; a metal structure at the other end of the casing transmitting compression y strains on the stack to the casing as a tension member; and a metal covervsecured to said last specified metal structure and closing the adjacent opening in the casing. A

5. The combination with anelectrical condenser st'ack, of a porcelain casing therefor having open ends; a metalclamping terminal closing one end of the casing and receiving a compressing thrust from an end of. the stack;

a metal structure at the other end of the casing and transmitting' stack l'compression strains to the casing as a tension member;

and a metal cover closing said other end of the casing. l

6. l' The combinationwith an electrical condenser stack, of aV porcelain-casing therefor having opposite end openings; a metal clamping terminal closing one end bf the casing;v a metal cover closing the other end-of the casing; and a metal member secured to said cover of said plate to the casing as a 'tension member.

8. The combination with an electrical conci j.

transmitting stack-clamping strains by way compression strains on the stack and4 against the other shoulder ofthe casing are exerted..

i9. The combination with an electrical-condenser stack, of generally tubular insulatlng casing` therefor having at its endsintegral i inwardly projecting shoulders; a metal meinber inside the c'asing at one end thereoiand receiving comprbssionstrains from the ad# jacent end of the stack and thereby forced against the interiorI of one end shoulder of the casing; and a metallic structure also inside the casing and at the opposite end of the casing and stack, exerting compression strains on the stack-and, cooperatively .with said metal member, exerting tension strains on the interior of the other endv shoulder of the irisiilating casing.. Y

10. The combination with a series-sectional condenser stack to be enclosed and highly i compressed, of a' casing of structural insulating material enclosing such stack and formed at one end with an integral inwardly projecting shoulder defining a small opening; a metal plate lying between an end of the stack and the interior wall ofsaid shoulder and receiving a compression thruston the other end ii of the stack, said plate being too large to be insertible thru said small opening, and a terminal-lead extending from said plate outt-hrir said opening; said casing having an opening opposite said lead-opening .and of siiicient size to permit insertion vof said plate; and a vmetal stack-clamping structure at the end of the casing having the larger opening, and arranged to transmit the compression strains of the clamp to the insulating'casing.

1l. The combination with a series-sectional condenser-stack to bev enclosed and highly compressed, of a casing enclosing such stack and formed with an integral inwardly-projecting shoulder defining a small opening; a stack-end-clam'ping member lying between an end of the stack and the interior Wall of said shoulder and closing said small opening; said clami ing-member being-too large to be iiiscrtible thru said small opening; and a tei'- minal lead 'extending troni out thru said small opening; said casing lia-ving an opening opposite said lead-opening and of siiilicient size p to permit insertion of said clamping member andthe stack for assembly with the casing; and a second stack-end-clamping member extending across said larger opening and taking the lclamping stresses at the other end of the stac i.

12. The combination with a series-sectional condenser-stack to be enclosed ancd highly compressed, of a casing` of structural insulating material enclosing such sta/ck and formed with tivo openings opposite one another and opposite theends of the stack, said insulating casing having integral inwardly-projecting -A walls defining said respective openings; and metal stack-clamping devices located between the inner faces of said inwardly projecting integral walls respectively and the respective ends of the stack.

This specification signed this 11th day of September, 1925.

" JOHN A. PROCTOR.

WILLlAM M. BAILEY. 

